A simplified urban-extent algorithm to characterize surface urban heat islands on a global scale and examine vegetation control on their spatiotemporal variability     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2019

We develop a new algorithm, the simplified urban-extent (SUE) algorithm, to estimate the surface urban heat island (UHI) intensity at a global scale. We implement the SUE algorithm on the Google Earth Engine platform using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images to calculate the UHI intensity for over 9500 urban clusters using over 15 years of data, making this one of the most comprehensive characterizations of the surface UHI to date. The results from this algorithm are validated against previous multi-city studies to demonstrate the suitability of the method. The dataset created is then filtered for elevation differentials and percentage of urban area and used to estimate the diurnal, monthly, and long-term variability in the surface UHI in different climate zones. The global mean surface UHI intensity is 0.85 °C during daytime and 0.55 °C at night. Cities in arid climate show distinct diurnal and seasonal patterns, with higher surface UHI during nighttime (compared to daytime) and two peaks throughout the year. The diurnal variability in surface UHI is highest for equatorial climate zone (0.88 °C) and lowest for arid zone (0.53 °C). The seasonality is highest in the snow climate zone and lowest for equatorial climate zone. While investigating the change in the surface UHI over a decade and a half, we find a consistent increase in the daytime surface UHI in the urban clusters of the warm temperate climate zone (0.04 °C/decade) and snow climate zone (0.05 °C/decade). Only arid climate zones show a statistically significant increase in the nighttime surface UHI intensity (0.03 °C/decade). Globally, the change is mainly seen during the daytime (0.03 °C/decade). Finally, the importance of vegetation differential between urban and rural areas on the spatiotemporal variability is examined. Vegetation has a strong control on the seasonal variability of the surface UHI and may also partly control the long-term variability. The complete UHI data are available through this website (https://yceo.yale.edu/research/global-surface-uhi-explorer) and allows the user to query the UHI of urban clusters using a simple interface.  相似文献   

基于唐宋文人足迹集聚性分析的中心文化城市变迁     

应申  侯景洋  周钰笛  窦小影  王兆鹏  邵大为 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(5):945-953

中国历史文化研究一直是中国文学研究的热点,大量的研究都是基于文学作品本身或文人个体特征进行,缺乏大数据的支持;历史的发展是大量个体共同驱动的结果,文化地理中众多文人的行为潜在影响着古代文化分布和变迁。本文提出基于文人群体运动行为的位置关联和聚合的大数据分析方法,根据唐宋时期文人的移动足迹数据来论证中国历史上的文化中心城市的变迁。文化地理领域中的3次文化中心转移的观点,是基于3次历史事件驱动的定性推理分析,缺乏有效的古代文化方面的数据支撑。本文力图从数据科学、信息科学和GIS分析角度来审视这一结论。从人文领域已经出版的学术研究著作中采集唐宋时期具有代表性作家的11万条足迹数据,利用GIS的位置关联技术形成足迹图,构建了文人迁徙网络图;并采用空间化的PageRank算法计算出唐宋时期各城市的文化吸引力,直观地呈现出了不同时期文人聚集的中心城市,重塑唐宋文化中心变迁。同时,从定量、地理位置变化和时序角度剖析了中国不同时期城市的文化吸引力的分布和变化。为论证中国文化中心的南北变迁,对唐宋时期的城市文化吸引力聚合,以20年间隔来科学计算出南北文化中心的对比和演变,科学表现文化中心的南北随时间的变化,论证了中国文化中心3次南移的后2次,发现中国文化中心南移的时间早在北宋时期就已完成。  相似文献   

高光谱遥感影像优化分类波段选择     

王国明  孙立新 《测绘与空间地理信息》1999,22(4):21-23

利用粗糙集关于属性依赖性公式,本文给出一种定义遥感影像波段间相似度的方法。通过模糊聚类,得到对高光谱遥感影像原始波段集合的模糊等价划分。在每个模糊等价波段组中,选择一个代表性波段完成对原始波段集合的初步降维。基于遗传算法并结合粗糙集理论,在降维后的波段集合中进一步进行的分类波段组合的优化选择。实验结果表明,本文给出的高光谱遥感影像优化分类波段组合选择方法是非常有效的。  相似文献   

遗传算法用于多组分同时测定     

杨兵  王洪艳  陈淑桂  沙志芳 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1999,29(2):193-196

采用遗传算法（ＧＡ）进行了地质样品中的贵金属Ｐｄ、Ｒｕ、Ａｕ三组分的同时测定,并讨论了遗传算法的基本原理、数学模型的建立、目标检验函数、初始值范围、搜索范围、交配、变异概率等对计算结果的影响,证明了遗传算法用于多组分测定的可行性。  相似文献   

中国地震预警延迟时间算法及其对预警盲区的影响研究     

杜航  王俊  江昊琳  王宝善  郑江蓉  朱音杰  王大伟 《中国地震》2021,37(1):216-226

通过分析预警系统的预警步骤来探讨影响获得预警时间的因素,并与瑞士地震台网预警延迟各步骤进行对比,得出中国地震预警系统仪器延迟时间为7.6s。提出地震波到台站所需时间的算法,较震中假设在台站中间的传统算法更为准确,在此算法下采用双台法和四台法计算接收地震波所需时间,得到中国地震预警延迟时间。讨论双台法和四台法在不同震源深度和台站密度下对预警盲区大小的影响,在台间距小于20km时,2种方法预警盲区差异不大。通过理论计算得出,在台站到达一定密度时,预警系统仪器延迟时间缩短比台站加密对预警盲区的缩小更有效。  相似文献   

电动出租车专用充电场站选址模型研究     

张毅  朱攀 《地球信息科学学报》2021,23(5):802-811

近年来随着能源短缺和环境污染问题日益严重,低排放、低噪声、节能环保的电动汽车受到了越来越多的关注。特别在电动出租车领域,我国公共充电设施的规划和建设已迫在眉睫。针对目前电动出租车专用充电站选址研究方面存在的缺少丰富详实的车辆运行数据支撑、未能充分结合出租车的换班特性开展分析和在选址模型构建方面未能充分考虑已建成充电站的影响等不足,本文提出了一种合理可行的电动出租车专用充电场站选址方案,具体流程为：① 基于对出租车GPS数据的统计和分析,利用蒙特卡洛方法提取充电需求;② 对充电站建设的影响因素进行分析,综合考虑了建设成本,出租车等待成本和已建成充电站的影响,建立了充电站的选址模型;③ 利用多种群遗传算法对模型进行求解;④ 利用北京市1.2万辆出租车连续一周的运行轨迹数据提取了充电需求,模拟10万辆电动出租车的充电需求规模对选址模型进行了算例分析。实验结果表明,选址模型能够有效地减少充电站建设投入的成本并缩短出租车平均充电等待时间。  相似文献   

求解位场反演问题的混合编码遗传算法   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

陈超  刘江平  余丰 《地球物理学报》2004,47(1):119-126

在求解地球物理反演问题时,复杂的解析关系往往使计算变得十分困难. 对于这类问 题,遗传算法有其独特的优势. 然而传统的遗传算法在搜索最优解的过程中往往效率不高. 研究表明,遗传算法的编码机制在很大程度上决定了交换和变异操作的搜索能力. 二进制编 码的交换操作能产生更多的新样本数目而具有较强的搜索能力,十进制编码的变异操作因搜 索范围更大而具有较强的产生新样本的能力. 本文分析了二进制与十进制编码的搜索机制, 提出了混合编码遗传算法(Hybrid Encoding Genetic Algorithm,简称HEGA),其原理是利用 十进制编码进行变异操作,其他操作采用二进制编码. 针对位场反演问题的特点,结合混合 编码、动态编码和大概率变异技术,有效地提高了搜索及产生“新”有效基因物质的能力. 理论模型及实际资料处理结果表明,该方法是有效的,尤其是在模型的分辨力方面有显著的 提高  相似文献   

Algal epibiosis on Megabalanus tintinnabulum and its role in segregation of the Balanus amphitrite population     

Ranjith Eswaran  Lidita Khandeparker 《Marine Ecology》2014,35(4):492-505

Ulva sp. and Gracilaria sp. were found colonizing shell surfaces of an acorn barnacle, Megabalanus tintinnabulum. However, this association was not noticed in the case of Balanus amphitrite, which was a co‐inhabitant. Such a difference in intergeneric interactions with the algae was examined in laboratory experiments. For this, the influence that extracts of algae, extracts of algae‐associated bacteria and natural leachants from M. tintinnabulum exerted on cyprid metamorphosis of B. amphitrite was examined. Extracts of algae and associated bacteria showed no effect on the metamorphosis of B. amphitrite. This may be attributed to absence of cue‐specific sugars in the exopolysaccharides and culture supernatants of bacteria. On the other hand, natural leachants of M. tintinnabulum, which showed the presence of N‐acetyl‐d ‐glucosamine, a known algal spore attractant, also inhibited metamorphosis of B. amphitrite. Thus, hosting specific epibionts could have important roles in the segregation of barnacle population.  相似文献   

悬浮液中硫酸根对改性粘土去除藻华生物效率的影响     

刘扬  俞志明  曹西华  宋秀贤  张雅琪  林勇新 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(4):734-740

本文研究了改性粘土悬浮液中硫酸根对其去除藻华生物效率的影响,通过Zeta电位、沉降速率和粒径分布等分析了改性粘土对藻华生物的去除效率,探讨了硫酸根与改性粘土的作用机制。结果显示:改性粘土对抑食金球藻(Aureococcus anophagefferens)的去除效率随悬浮液中硫酸根浓度的增加呈现先降低后升高的趋势,改性湖北土和改性江苏土对抑食金球藻去除率较低时(40%)的硫酸根浓度分别为6.46×10–3—2.42×10–1mol/L和6.46×10–3—2.42×10–2mol/L;改性粘土颗粒的Zeta电位随着硫酸根浓度的增加而降低,然后保持相对稳定;悬浮液中改性粘土颗粒的沉降速率和中值粒径D50呈现先增加后降低的趋势,对于改性江苏土,在硫酸根浓度为2.42×10–2mol/L时颗粒的沉降速率最大。综上所述,悬浮液中硫酸根主要通过降低粘土颗粒表面电荷密度、桥联改性粘土组分和影响粘土颗粒分散性等作用影响改性粘土对藻华生物的去除效率。  相似文献   

Distribution patterns of the invasive herbivore Siganus luridus (Rüppell, 1829) and its relation to native benthic communities in the central Aegean Sea,Northeastern Mediterranean     

Sylvaine Giakoumi 《Marine Ecology》2014,35(1):96-105

The present study explores the distribution of the invasive herbivore fish Siganus luridus (Rüppell 1829) and its relationship to native herbivores and macroalgal assemblages in the shallow sublittoral of the Cyclades Archipelago, Aegean Sea, Greece. In situ underwater surveys of herbivore abundance (fishes and sea urchins) and algal coverage were carried out at 180 sampling sites in 18 islands. Siganus luridus accounted for 17% of the total herbivore abundance, with a decrease in relative abundance from the southeastern to the northwestern islands. In Santorini Island (in the southeast of the study area) S. luridus abundance accounted for 90% of the total herbivore fish abundance, while in Kea Island (at the northwestern limit of the study area), S. luridus was absent. The spatial variation of minimum sea surface temperature is possibly the reason for its distributional pattern. Siganus luridus abundance was found to be positively correlated to the native herbivore Sparisoma cretense (Linnaeus 1758). A significant negative relationship was found between the abundance of the invasive species and the sum of erect and canopy algae cover (Dictyotales and Cystoseira spp.), which are the main components of its diet in the region. On the other hand, its occurrence was particularly high in barren sites. The results arising from this study reinforce evidence from studies in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin that the expansion of the invasive species S. luridus may have profound impacts on native communities in the Mediterranean infralittoral zone.  相似文献